Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19 | WHO
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Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19
WHO, 05.06.2020
In attachment:
Rev. 05.06.2020
Rev. 06.04.2020
Nuova posizione OMS sulle mascherine: tutti, in pubblico, (non solo personale sanitario e gli infetti, come affermato in precedenza), dovrebbero indossare le mascherine.
Per contenere la diffusione del virus è bene che le indossino tutti in pubblico, non soltanto il personale sanitario e gli infetti, come aveva raccomandato finora. La svolta - spiega l’Organizzazione mondiale della sanità — è dovuta all’acquisizione di nuove evidenze che mostrano che le mascherine possono offrire «una barriera per i droplets, le goccioline potenzialmente infette».
La prescrizione a indossarle arriva dunque dopo che molti Paesi, tra cui l’Italia, hanno già reso obbligatorio il loro uso in pubblico.
Le nuove linee guida raccomandano il ricorso alle mascherine chirurgiche agli ultrasessantenni e alle persone con patologie pregresse.
Per gli altri, secondo l’OMS, sono sufficienti generiche mascherine di tessuto a triplo strato, con una parte di cotone assorbente vicino al viso, uno di polipropilene in mezzo e uno sintetico esterno impermeabile.
Sono, precisa l'OMS nella guida, protezioni che si possono fabbricare in casa, ma anche piccole aziende possono iniziare a realizzarle in serie, creando posti di lavoro.
L’OMS ne raccomanda ora l’uso soprattutto nei luoghi dove non è sempre possibile il distanziamento, come i mezzi pubblici, i negozi, i posti di lavoro, le scuole e i luoghi di culto. Ma, avverte, le mascherine da sole non bastano a proteggersi dal virus, piuttosto sono una delle tante misure da adottare per ridurre il rischio del contagio, come lavarsi spesso le mani e il distanziamento fisico.
This document is an update of the guidance published on 6 April 2020 and includes updated scientific evidence relevant to the use of masks for preventing transmission of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as practical considerations.
The main differences from the previous version include the following:
- Updated information on transmission from symptomatic, pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic people infected with COVID-19, as well as an update of the evidence of all sections of this document;
- New guidance on the targeted continuous use of medical masks by health workers working in clinical areas in health facilities in geographical areas with community transmission1 of COVID-19;
- Updated guidance and practical advice for decisionmakers on the use of medical and non-medical masks by the general public using a risk-based approach;
- New guidance on non-medical mask features and characteristics, including choice of fabric, number and combination of layers, shape, coating and maintenance.
Guidance and recommendations included in this document are based on previous WHO guidelines (in particular the WHO Guidelines on infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections in health care) and the evaluation of current evidence by the WHO ad hoc COVID-19 IPC Guidance Development Group (COVID-19 IPC GDG) that meets at least once a week.
The process of interim guidance development during emergencies consists of a transparent and robust process of evaluation of the available evidence on benefits and harms, synthetized through expedited systematic reviews and expert consensusbuilding facilitated by methodologists. This process also considers, as much as possible, potential resource implications, values and preferences, feasibility, equity, ethics and research gaps.
Purpose of the guidance
This document provides guidance to decision makers, public health and IPC professionals, health care managers, and health workers on the use of medical and non-medical masks in health care (including long-term care and residential)
Background
The use of masks is part of a comprehensive package of the prevention and control measures that can limit the spread of certain respiratory viral diseases, including COVID-19. Masks can be used either for protection of healthy persons (worn to protect oneself when in contact with an infected individual) or for source control (worn by an infected individual to prevent onward transmission). However, the use of a mask alone is insufficient to provide an adequate level of protection or source control, and other personal and community level measures should also be adopted to suppress transmission of respiratory viruses. Whether or not masks are used, compliance with hand hygiene, physical distancing and other infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are critical to prevent human-tohuman transmission of COVID-19. This document provides information and guidance on the use of masks in health care settings, for the general public, and during home care. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed specific guidance on IPC strategies for health care settings, long-term care facilities (LTCF), and home care.
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Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19 WHO 05.06.2020.pdf WHO 2020 |
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Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19 WHO 06.04.2020.pdf WHO 2020 |
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