DNV’s proposed harmonised approach to RAC includes seven distinct elements:

1. Threshold criteria, expressed as an expectation value of fatalities per year. Below this, detailed risk assessment and further risk reduction would not be required.

2. Individualrisk(IR)criteria,expressedasmaximumtolerablerisksofdeathperyearfor the most exposed individuals. Above this, the risk would not be acceptable. This aims to protect individual workers or members of the public from unfairly high risks.

3. Societal risk (SR) criteria, expressed as FN curves for the most exposed communities. Above this, measures to reduce catastrophe risk should be investigated.

4. Scrutiny level, expressed as an expectation value of fatalities per tonne of DG transported over a route. Above this, justification of the transport would be needed, and additional restrictions or safety measures should be investigated. The scrutiny level aims to ensure that the risks of TDG are justified by its benefits.

5. ALARP criteria (i.e. defining what is as low as reasonably practicable), consisting of either qualitative or cost-benefit criteria for evaluation of additional restrictions or safety measures. This aims to ensure that safety measures are optimised, taking account of the costs and benefits of risk reduction.

6. Improvement target for TDG, expressed as an expectation value of fatalities per year from all modes of TDG. This would be used to monitor performance and propose additional safety measures.

7. Improvement target for DG, expressed as an expectation value of fatalities per year from all production and transport of DG. This would be a possible way of monitoring and improving consistency with requirements for fixed installations.