Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Manufacture of Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers

August 2007

The BAT (Best Available Techniques) Reference Document (BREF) entitled “Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Manufacture of Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers” reflects an information exchange carried out under Article 16(2) of Council Directive 96/61/EC (IPPC Directive). This executive summary describes the main findings, a summary of the principal BAT conclusions and the associated consumption and emission levels. It should be read in conjunction with the preface, which explains this document’s objectives; how it is intended to be used and legal terms. It can be read and understood as a standalone document but, as a summary, it does not present all the complexities of this full document. It is therefore not intended as a substitute for this full document as a tool in BAT decision making.

Scope of this document

This document targets the following sections from Annex 1 to the IPPC Directive:
4.2 (a) ammonia, hydrogen fluoride
4.2 (b) hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, oleum
4.3 phosphorus-, nitrogen- or potassium-based fertilisers (simple or compound fertilisers).

Although the main use of ammonia, nitric acid, sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid is the downstream production of fertilisers, the scope of this document is not restricted to the manufacture of fertiliser grade products. By addressing the items listed above, the scope of this document includes the production of synthesis gas for the production of ammonia and the production of sulphuric acid based on SO2 gases from various processes, e.g. SO2 gases from non-ferrous metals production or regeneration of spent acids. However, specific and in-depth information on the production of non-ferrous metals can be found in detail in the BREF on Nonferrous Metals Industries.

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